Ketogenic diet for mental health: Come for the weight loss, stay for the mental health benefits?

End Notes

1. Psychiatry 2006: A review of bipolar disorder in adults [overview article; ungraded]
2. [anecdotal report; very weak evidence ]
3. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2017: The current status of the ketogenic diet in psychiatry [narrative review of mechanisms, case studies, and animal reports; very weak evidence]; The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2020: Induced ketosis as a treatment for neuroprogressive disorders: Food for thought?  [overview article; ungraded]; Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 2018: Ketogenic diet as a metabolic therapy for mood disorders: evidence and developments  [overview article; ungraded]
4. International Journal of Epidemiology 2014: The global prevalence of common mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis 1980-2013  [systematic review of observational studies; weak evidence]
5. According to the most recent data, depression in the US affects from 6.6% to 7.3% of people overall, and as many as 12.7% of those younger than 18: Psychological Medicine 2018: Trends in depression prevalence in the USA from 2005 to 2015: widening disparities in vulnerable groups [observational study; weak evidence]
6. JAMA Psychiatry 2015: Mortality in mental disorders and global disease burden implications  [systematic review of observational studies; weak evidence]; World Psychiatry 2011: Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care. [overview article; ungraded]
7. PLoS One 2019: Prediction of cardiovascular disease risk among people with severe mental illness: A cohort study  [longitudinal study with RR < 2: very weak evidence]; BMC Medicine 2011: Mental illness related disparities in diabetes prevalence, quality of care and outcomes: a population-based longitudinal study  [longitudinal study with RR < 2: very weak evidence]; Cancer 2013: Analyzing excess mortality from cancer among individuals with mental illness [cross-sectional study with RR > 2; weak evidence]
8. [Individual opinion; very weak evidence]
9. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2011: Low to moderate sugar-sweetened beverage consumption impairs glucose and lipid metabolism and promotes inflammation in healthy young men: a randomized controlled trial [randomized trial; moderate evidence]; Medicinal Research Reviews 2015: Postprandial dysmetabolism and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes: pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies  [overview article; ungraded]; Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2012: Health implications of high dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids [overview article; ungraded]
10. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition & Dietetics 2012: Effect of dietary linoleic acid on markers of inflammation in healthy persons: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials [strong evidence]
11. Journal of Neuroinflammation 2013: Neuroinflammation and psychiatric illness  [Review article of clinical trials and observational studies; weak to moderate evidence]; Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences 2017: Evidence for inflammation-associated depression [overview article; ungraded]; International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2017: Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in psychosis and psychosis risk [overview article; ungraded]; Psychiatric Clinics of North America 2016: Bipolar disorder and inflammation  [overview article; ungraded]
12. [anecdotal reports; very weak evidence]
13. [clinical experience; weak evidence]
14. Nutrition & Metabolism 2009: Schizophrenia, gluten, and low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diets: a case report and review of the literature [case study; very weak evidence]
15. [anecdotal report; very weak evidence] Please do not stop medications on your own. Consult with your doctor before starting or stopping meds. See more in our guide on low carb with mental health medications.
16. Journal of Cerebral Blood flow and Metabolism 2017: Inverse relationship between brain glucose and ketone metabolism in adults during short-term moderate dietary ketosis: A dual tracer quantitative positron emission tomography study  [observational study, weak evidence]
17. BBA Clinical 2016: Glycogen metabolism in humans [overview article; ungraded]
18. Journal of Cerebral Blood flow and Metabolism 2017: Inverse relationship between brain glucose and ketone metabolism in adults during short-term moderate dietary ketosis: A dual tracer quantitative positron emission tomography study  [nonrandomized study; weak evidence]; Journal of Clinical Investigations 1967: Brain metabolism during fasting [nonrandomized study; weak evidence]; Critical Care 2011: Clinical review: Ketones and brain injury [overview article; ungraded]
19. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2017: The current status of the ketogenic diet in psychiatry [overview article; ungraded]
20. Neurochemistry International 2018: Neuroketotherapeutics: a modern review of a century-old therapy [overview article; ungraded]
21. American Journal of Psychiatry 1965: A pilot study of the ketogenic diet in schizophrenia  [non-controlled study; weak evidence]
22. Epilepsia 2008: History of the ketogenic diet  [overview article; ungraded]
23. Epilepsia 2018: Effect of modified Atkins diet in adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial  [moderate evidence]; Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2017: A randomized controlled trial of the ketogenic diet in refracatory childhood epilepsy  [moderate evidence]; Epilepsy Research 2016: Evaluation of a simplified modified Atkins diet for use by parents with low levels of literacy in children with refractory epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial  [moderate evidence]
24. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 2010: Epilepsy and bipolar disorders [overview article; ungraded]; Neuroscientist 2007: Bipolar disorder and epilepsy: a bidirectional relation? Neurobiological underpinnings, current hypotheses, and future research directions  [overview article; ungraded]
25. Journal of Mental Health 2010: Anticonvulsants in bipolar disorder [overview article; ungraded]
26. Frontiers in Genetics 2013: Major channels involved in neuropsychiatric disorders and therapeutic perspectives. [overview article; ungraded]; Frontiers in Genetics 2013: A review of potassium channels in bipolar disorder [overview article; ungraded]; Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine 2016: Role of sodium channels in epilepsy  [overview article; ungraded]; Frontiers in Physiology 2016: ATP1A2 mutations in migraine: seeing through the facets of an ion pump onto the neurobiology of disease [overview article; ungraded]
27. Bipolar Disorders 2013: Brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) abnormalities in bipolar disorder [case-control study; very weak evidence]; Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2015: Investigation of glutamine and GABA levels in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy using MEGAPRESS [case-control study; very weak evidence] Frontiers in Psychiatry 2017: GABAergic mechanisms in schizophrenia: linking postmortem and in vivo studies. [overview article; ungraded]
28. Molecular Psychiatry 2017: Ankyrin-G isoform imbalance and interneuronopathy link epilepsy and bipolar disorder [mouse and test tube study; very weak evidence]
29. Neurocase 2013: The ketogenic diet for type II bipolar disorder  [case study; very weak evidence]
30. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1966: Wheat “consumption” and hospital admissions for schizophrenia during World War II. A preliminary report [cross-sectional observational study: very weak evidence]
31. The Psychiatric Quarterly 2012: Neurologic and psychiatric manifestations of celiac disease and gluten sensitivity  [overview article; ungraded]
32. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2018: Global prevalence of celiac disease: systematic review and meta-analysis [systematic review of observational data; moderate evidence]
33. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017: Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: all wheat attack is not celiac  [overview article; ungraded]
34. Autoimmunity Highlights 2014: Celiac and non-celiac gluten sensitivity: a review on the association with schizophrenia and mood disorders [review article; ungraded]
35. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2016: Bread and other edible agents of mental disease  [opinion; no evidence]

Pages: 1 2